Critical Reflection Journalism Portfolio

Critical Reflection Journalism Portfolio The portfolio is designed to showcase my work and abilities as a potential journalist. In putting together my portfolio, I was guided by my interests; principles of journalism as taught in class and the requirements of the module. In the portfolio, I wrote about a train driver who blamed a non-existent bad weather for jumping the platform; the ‘dishonest’ and double standard manner the Cameron led coalition has handled the issue of tax avoidance involving Starbucks and the cases of looted funds from developing countries coming into the West, including Britain. I also wrote about the possibility that British universities may be turning out Islamic ‘terrorists’. There was also an interview with a Social Worker, who chose to remain anonymous, on the difficulties of effectively discharging social care work. The first thing I noticed with the module was the fast pace of activities required to meet my portfolio requirements. Ordinarily my class work tends to move fairly slowly. The truth is I was not prepared for the speed and discipline portfolio production demands. More importantly I had problems picking a news event to cover out of all the options suggested. There is a reason. In my first year at the university, for one of my journalism modules the class was asked to cover a particular lecture at the University’s Stratford campus. The whole exercise ended in agony. I ended up trying to make sense of a highly technical Science lecture and to make it relevant and interesting to an audience that was not scientific or particularly interested in how scientists go about their research. It was a nightmare. I must have done something however because I did very well with the copy. It was a difficult exercise and I believe I made a mental note to stay away from such assignments in the future. This explains therefore, my decision to write on economic and business topics. In one or two of my copies I veered to political issues but at the heart of all this was my passion for issues affecting my native African roots, the perceived injustices, inequalities, inefficient and corrupt regimes in African countries and Nigeria in particular. The general view is that such regimes are largely sustained by the patronising Western powers. I have conducted interviews before but was unprepared for an interviewee who wanted to remain anonymous. I was therefore unsure of how to retain credibility for my copy on social work without betraying the confidentiality I promised my interviewee. I decided therefore to tie the piece to the Baby P scandal. The core of the story was the burden of expectations society placed on the professionals who work in the social care work without , as they see it, â€Å"adequate resources and remuneration†, and also without making allowance for the fact that care service is not an exact science. Getting someone to speak on record for this piece was not easy and so, rather than ask around I decided to take the advice by Formichelli, Linda Diana Burrell (2003), and â€Å" found my own source†. Another advice I took to heart was to â€Å"give my interviewee a verbal ‘thanks’†after the interview. The module instilled in me a number of significant transferable skills. The first is the need to be organised. Nothing significant is achieved without detailed and thorough planning. I have also taken an ‘entrepreneurial’ attitude to work and learnt to be focused on the ‘consumer’ – the audience. Most importantly, I was learnt to have an eye for newsworthy stories, with my target audience at the back of my mind. For example I was in that Southeastern train that jumped the platform but was still able to write the story in the third party. I have learnt how to write news and features for publication. I learnt to generate ideas, to research those ideas and to produce copies based on those ideas, to a high standard. I have also been able to detail proposals to a high degree and therefore in my view in a position to pitch for commission with editors. But I am still learning The module also helped me to take advantage of new social media tools with which journalists can communicate with their audiences.I am now able to confidently upload copies to websites, where allowed. I am also able to write directly online and given the fact that the internet and social media tools can now be monitored, I am able to apply journalism principles responsibly. These principles include my obligation to truth; discipline of verification and to recognise the platform as a forum for public criticism and compromise. I am aware also that I am allowed to exercise my personal conscience and take full advantage of my blog and twitter accounts. I have come away from the module recognising the primacy of traditional journalism values, particularly that of fact verification. I recall a situation concerning the copy I submitted for publication on the risingeast.co.uk website on the looting and transfer of funds from developing countries, particularly Nigeria to the West. Dr. Andrew Calcutt, my module tutor was unwilling to publish certain parts of that copy until he had evidence that is already in the public domain on the individuals named in the piece. I went back and sourced more than thirty one pages of newspaper articles for him. I appreciated his position especially when he said he was acting on advice from the legal department. This informed my approach to all the pieces that I submitted. Additional values I picked on include: truth, clear and clean writing. These are core skills and knowledge that I believe will make me a competitive player in the contemporary media and journalism industries. I have learnt to think clearly and to make sense of the world around me; I also learnt to communicate clearly and directly; and to work co-operatively with colleagues. To be organized in my work is to be able to meet deadlines and to present my stories and their ideas to other people. The module helped me to eliminate the boundaries between print, multimedia and broadcast, and to be strong on good writing and critical thinking. It was uplifting seeing my module leader present a fresh approach to my first copy in minutes. I told myself, with time and practice, I’ll be like that. I learnt in practical terms how to identify workable and unique angles to news stories and features and how to remain focused on the message that I wish to convey. Another outcome was the how and why I should forget I have an opinion when putting a copy together. I am allowed to have an opinion but that opinion must not get in the way of the story I am telling my audience. I believed I managed that in the copies in my portfolio. I have always had an interest in following news, both serious and the mundane. This module reinforced this trait, which I consider one of my strengths. I am at home reading news online, in print and on mobile devices. One other strength I believe I have and which is essential to my programme is that of curiosity. I tend to observe and explore, asking questions, even in my everyday life. I read newspapers and magazines, watch news on television and listen to news on radio and still query them, trying to see them from different angles to see if they will come out the same way. I tend to stretch myself and to do things I wouldnt normally do, if only for the experience. This is essential to journalism. Lastly, I believe that any journalistic story must remain significant, interesting and relevant. I know I am good at this, but also mindful of the need to keep the news comprehensive and proportional. I appreciate that though I did not produce as many copies as I proposed to deliver, I am encouraged by the fact that I have picked up the necessary knowledge and skill to do so should I be able to work up the necessary discipline to effectively manage my time. I also note that I need to improve on my research efforts, particularly into the academic overview of journalism as a discipline. Nonetheless I have learnt a lot from this module. I know in practical terms what News is; I know how to recognise my audience and what it wants; how to write a story and how to pitch it to an Editor. I have picked up skills, I have met challenges which my training has helped me to get round. I have knowledge of how institutions work, and have highly developed communication skills which will work to my benefit. I am on my way. Bibliography Formichelli, Linda Diana Burrell (2003), The Renegade Writer: A Totally Unconventional Guide to Freelance Writing Success, New York: Marion Street Press Inc. Harrower, T (2007) Inside Reporting: A practical Guide to the Craft of Reporting, McGraw Hill, New York Sova, Dawn B. (2002), How to Write Articles for Newspapers and Magazines, London: Petersons,

Scared straight

Critique of the â€Å"Scared Straight Program† The program established in the 1970s, called Scared Straight is used throughout the United States as a means of deterring Juvenile crime. This program consists of youth that are at risk visiting adult prisons, the youth then have contact with prisoners to hear about the life and reality of being locked up from inmates (Slowikowski, 2011). The programs can involve tours of the facility, living the life of a prisoner for a full day, aggressive â€Å"in-your-face† presentations by inmates, and one- on-one counseling.However well intentioned these prison visit programs may be, decades of research have shown that this approach is not only ineffective, but possibly harmful to youth (Slowikowski, 2011). Now there was a study done by Anthony Petrosino and researchers at the Campbell Collaboration analyzed results from nine Scared Straight Programs and found that such programs generally increased crime up to 28 percent in the experi mental group when compared to a no-treatment control group (Slowikowski, 2011). In another analysis of Juvenile prevention and treatment programs, MarkLipsey of the Vanderbilt Institute for public Policy Studies found that youth who participate in Scared Straight and other similar deterrence programs have higher recidivism rates than youth in control groups (Slowikowski, 2011). Also there was a report done in 1997 presented to the U. S. Congress where there was 500 crime prevention evaluations and said the program â€Å"Scared Straight† is â€Å"what does not work† in preventing Juvenile crime. Yet programs like â€Å"Scared Straight† are continuing to be used as an approach in the United States and throughout the world.On January 13, 2011, A&E Television Networks aired the first of a multiepisode series of reality shows called â€Å"Beyond Scared Straight† (Slowikowski, 2011). It had become the most watched show in the United States with having an audien ce of 3. 7 million people (Sullivan, 2011). This then has parents and viewers thinking the â€Å"Scared Straight† programs works, which then they do not think of the other possibilities of programs that are proven to work and be more beneficial to at-risk youth in deterring Juvenile delinquency. When I think of the A&E series of â€Å"BeyondScared Straight† I think of it as showing at-risk youth at home with their parents what it would be like if they were a part of this program. The at-risk youth I think don't take it as serious as the show portrays it to be because in this program your getting yelled at in your face by the inmates, you have a session where the inmates share their stories with the youth and explain how they wish they would taken a different path, the youth will see their parents through video or glass windows, they may spend up to 24 hours in the facility, etc.With a program like â€Å"Scared Straight† there are many things we can critique. Fir st these programs require young people to project into the future. They don't think like that, they don't think logically or long term. That's why theyre kids. They are impulsive, and think short term, espically whenb it comes to punishment (Sullivan, 2011). Kids know how hit and miss the criminal Justice system is. They believe they might not get caught when they think about committing a crime. What young people react to is: How swift is the punishment in terms of the behavior?How certain is it that a consequence will occur? How severe is the punishment? The extreme nature of the punishment shown in â€Å"scared straight† programs doesn't match the expectations of young people. They don't picture themselves locked up (Sullivan, 2011 . ) Again a program like â€Å"scared straight† is something that was made by adults for young kids, but we need to realize that these young kids don't react the same was as adults do or would in a program like â€Å"scared straight. What these at-risk youths need are to be put in activities of everyday life that will keep them from going to prison rather than putting them in a â€Å"scared straight† rogram saying this is where you're going to be if you continue the road your going down. Why not show these at-risk youth what and where you should want to be in life, like a Job show them responsibility and what it is like to earn hard working money to save for something, to be able to afford the things you want, etc.

The Discovery Of Down Syndrome - 874 Words

Down syndrome is a common disorder where the child gets an extra copy of the 21st chromosome. It happens in every 691 babies born in the United States. This adds up to about 6,000 babies born with the disorder a year. The major points in this paper are: when the disorder was discovered, the symptoms, the lifespan, the medical treatments, if it is a dominant trait, what chromosome is affected, and how it is passed down to offspring. The discovery of Down syndrome was by an English physician named of John Langdon Down. He published a description of a person with Down syndrome in 1866, and that earned him the title of â€Å"The Father of Down syndrome.† In 1959 a French physician Jerome Lejeune discovered that the syndrome was actually a chromosomal condition. He discovered that instead of the normal 46 chromosomes, Down syndrome patients have 47 with an extra copy of 21. In 2000, a global team of scientists identified and catalogued each of the 329 genes on chromosome 21. With a ll this new information scientists made large advancements in Down syndrome research. There are many symptoms of Down syndrome. The symptoms that one can see are: low muscle tone, smaller stature, an upward slant to the eyes, and a single deep crease across the center of the palm. Down syndrome babies can be born normal size, but development is twice as slow as a non-Down’s child. The mental side effects are: impulsive behavior, poor judgment, short attention span, and slow learning capabilities. TheShow MoreRelatedGenetic Disorders and Down Syndrome Essay969 Words   |  4 Pagesretardation. Fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, Turners syndrome and many other syndromes result from a mutation of a chromosome, an extra chromosome, or too few chromosomes. Discovered in 1991, Fragile X syndrome is considered a fairly new genetic disorder. According to The Fragile X Association, Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is caused by the expansion or lengthening of the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome, known as a gene mutation. Fragile X occurs more in males than females. â€Å"Fragile X syndrome occurs in approximatelyRead MoreDown Syndrome And The Human Body916 Words   |  4 PagesWe all love amazing smiles and infectious eyes and hugs. Down syndrome occurs in people of all races and economic levels. Who are we to judge when we all bleed the same blood. Down syndrome is only a part of them and not how they are defined. No one is greater than another no matter what the situation. In every cell in the human body there is a nucleus, where genetic material is stored in genes. Genes carry the codes responsible for all of our inherited traits and are grouped along rod-like structuresRead MoreGeneral Information On Down Syndrome Essay814 Words   |  4 Pa gesDown syndrome is a genetic disorder most commonly caused by extra copies of chromosome 21. It occurs randomly during cell division in fetal development. This paper will discuss general information on Down syndrome, which will include the discovery of syndrome, the types and causes, the risk factors. Furthermore, this paper will also discuss the sign and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. General background Down syndrome is a genetic disorder occurs in every individual regardless of gender, ethnicityRead MoreDeoxyribonucleic Acid, Or Dna Is A Genetic Code That Determines1279 Words   |  6 Pagesof the offspring. It is information passed down from generation to generation and makes the human race unique. Without unique DNA, the human race could become extinct in an instant. The discovery of the double helix structure of DNA was discovered by mainly by James Watson and Francis Crick. They basically solved the structure of DNA. This discovery marked a milestone in the history of science and gave rise to modern molecular biology. Their discovery yielded ground-breaking insights into theRead MoreIdiot Savant : Blessing Or Curse?1504 Words   |  7 PagesDictionary, idiot savant is a rare condition where a person who is considered to be mentally disable, displays brilliance in a specific area. Idiot savant was first coined and discovered by Dr. J. Langdon Down in 1887. Dr. Down is best known for his description of the disorder called Down syndrome. In French, idiot savant means learned idiot. Idiot savant can be hereditary or caused by damage to the left hemisphere of the brain resulting in spectacular abilities. This paper will discuss the significanceRead MoreThe Genetic Disorder Of Trisomy 211481 Words   |  6 Pagesgenetic disorder of Trisomy 21, or Down syndrome is one that has often interested me. I understand that many children born with his genetic disorder can in fact live a full life, often with assistance. When answering the question of what exactly Down syndrome is, a good definition can be one describing this disorder as a genetic condition where a person has an extra 21st chromosome. The typical person has 46 chromosomes, therefore the person born with Down syndrome has 47. This extra chromosome bringsRead MoreFacts on Down Syndrome Essays1152 Words   |  5 Pagescells may receive an extra copy of the chromosome resulting in a condition called trisomy. One of the most common chromosome abnormality in humans is Down Syndrome, a condition associated with an extra chromosome 21. This condition was first described by British physician, Langdon Down (Web. Down Syndrome, n.d.). Symptoms Individuals with Down Syndrome are generally shorter in stature, have shorter necks, have loose-jointed ankles, have broader skulls, wider nostrils, large tongues with a distinctiveRead MoreThe Genetic Disease Of Down Syndrome1484 Words   |  6 PagesScenario Paper: Down Syndrome; Trisomy 21 Michelle Bosserman National University Professor Joan Horvath BIS 405 March 14, 201 Abstract In this paper, the author will analyze the genetic disease of Down syndrome. The author will give a definition of this genetic disorder, and explain some of the characteristics associated. The author will then discuss its scientific causes, and detail both prenatal and birth testing methods availableRead MoreDown Syndrome Essay1515 Words   |  7 PagesDown Syndrome Downs Syndrome, it is one of the most frequently occurring chromosomal abnormalities found in humans effecting people of all ages, races and economic levels. It is a chromosomal anomaly in cell development that results in a person being born with forty-seven chromosomes instead of the normal forty-six chromosomes. People with Down syndrome may have mild to severe learning disabilities and physical symptoms, which include a small skull, extra folds of skin under the eyes, andRead MoreCorrelation Between Type Of Mecp2 Mutation And The Degree Of Phenotypic Severity1169 Words   |  5 Pagescan be spliced in two ways generating two different isoforms; MECP2E1 and MECP2E2 that differ in their N terminus. Exon 1 of the MECP2E1 isoform has historically not been sequenced due to the misconception that is was a non-coding exon. Since the discovery of the MECP2E1 isoform it has been included in genetic sequencing and a number of mutations identified in exon 1 have been linked to RTT. It has been suggested that those who have a mutation in exon 1 exhibit a more severe set of symptoms than those

Language Development Learning Environments, Motivation,...

When it comes to language development, learners will vary in their experiences and accompanying strengths and challenges. Even members of the same family with an identical cultural and language background can all experience unique L2 development. In the case of the Oteà ­za family, the three children all viewed their English L2 learning differently because of their individual external and internal circumstances. Rodrigo, Camila, and Natalia all moved to America from Chile with Spanish as their L1. As they lived in the United States over the course of a couple years, each child showed how their academic, emotional, and physical aspects altered the progress of their English acquisition. All three children were eventually able to successfully learn and apply English in their lives, but each had distinctive experiences and development when it came to their learning environments, motivation, and bilingualism/biculturalism. Learning Environments As the three Oteà ­za children began and continued their English L2 development, each sibling experienced interesting and unique learning environments. Rodrigo (9.5 years old) was initially placed in a Spanish immersion program where he only had English instruction twice a week. All of his content classes were taught in Spanish, so he had very limited exposure and interaction with English in his school. Since Rodrigo first started learning English in an instructional setting specific for limited English proficiency students, he was focusedShow MoreRelatedInterview with a Bilingual1929 Words   |  8 Pagesbackground , the challenges of second language acquisition , benefits and the role of languages in her life. H.D was asked the following questions : (a) Could you please explain how you became bilingual? (b) Could you describe the bilingual environment you grew up in? (c) Which language do you feel more confident in speaking? And why? (d) How did you develop your reading and writing skills in both languages and what kind of challenges did you face during the learning process? (e) How did you feel asRead MoreSecond Language Acquisition on Children2565 Words   |  11 PagesSecond Language Acquisition and Age Impact on its Acquisition Ika Ulil M 20111111042 Abstract Children acquire language since they were born. They communicate with their parents. Furthermore, children and parents interact with each other using a language that we often call the first language or mother tongue. At an early age, children are only learning one language that is the mother tongue. By age and speech development, children improve to acquire a second language from the school or the environmentRead MoreLanguage Loss And Its Effects On Children s Learning Essay2078 Words   |  9 PagesLanguage loss has been an issue of major importance to heritage language communities. Language loss can occur on two levels. It may be on a personal or familial level, which is often the case with immigrant communities in the United States. Some children who are ELLs undergo the phenomenon of language loss, which is the loss of the first language spoken. As they learn English, they lose skills and fluency in L1, if their L1 is not reinforced and maintained. This is also called subtractiv e bilingualismRead MoreInterpersonal Communication Skills And Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency1608 Words   |  7 PagesDescribe basic interpersonal communication skills and cognitive academic language proficiency from your own understanding (1’). †¢ Interpersonal communication skills, for me is the ability to speak to one another in a form that will allow us to exchange ideas, thoughts, information and emotions. If I had to explain this form of communication in one word I would say â€Å" Chat† this is because in a chat you are to swap and discuss a topic that is either important to you or the listener, or about somethingRead MoreSecond Language Acquisition And Identity Formation1531 Words   |  7 PagesSecond Language Acquisition and Identity Formation Research Question: â€Å"What role does learning a second language play in the way one shapes their identity?† Background: Identity is subjective, not only to the individual to which the identity belongs, but also the way in which others perceive identity. This means that identity is not solely an individual event, but also a social one. Without social practices, such as identifying with specific cultures and norms, how would one know with which customsRead MoreShould The Removal Of Required Foreign Language Classes From More Majors?1851 Words   |  8 PagesForeign Language Classes from More Majors This research paper will indicate the reason why college should consider the removal of required foreign language classes from more majors. In â€Å"The Effect of Speaking a Minority Language at Home on Foreign language Learning,† Maluch, Kempert, Neumann, and Stanat state advantages as well as some disadvantages about learning a foreign language In the present study, they plan to determine whether there is a relation between immigrant bilingualism and foreignRead MoreBilingual Brain Boost : The Cognitive Benefits Of Learning A Second Language Essay2178 Words   |  9 Pagescultural environment being created. One major change is that of language evolution. English is the third most spoken language worldwide after Chinese and Spanish, but it is the most popular second language overall (Haviland, Prins, Walrath, McBride, 2014). The English language is taking over, so what, you may ask, is the point of putting in the energy to learn a second language? Why should you enrol your child in a language immersion school program? Well, as an English Canadian, learning a secondRead More1.3 Explain the Responsibilities of th e Assessor Essay1126 Words   |  5 Pagesthat the formative feedback is constant. This actually helps me give lots of feedback. Holistic assessment opportunities If the candidate assessor is also attempting either of the following units: †¢ Assess occupational competence in the work environment †¢ Assess vocational skills, knowledge and understanding evidence for the above could come from a discussion with the candidate assessor about how they have planned assessments to make the most efficient use of evidence generation. 3.3 ExplainRead MoreLearning And Managing Different Languages With Outstanding Theories Of Motivation1875 Words   |  8 Pagesthe process of boosting learning. However, intelligent people may find it easier to significantly integrate the daily interaction with people based on what they already know and what they are yet to know. Preliminarily, most people living in Senegal either speak the native languages or French. Such settings, for example, may serve as the most outstanding drawback to any person willing or someone brought up in an English speaking society. Narrowing down to self-motivation, willingness and desire toRead MoreEnglish Language Learners Lit. Review3197 Words   |  13 PagesSalsbury recommended some of the articles that I included in this literature review. The key words are engagement, motivation, English language Learners, reading, struggling readers, parent involvement, home literacy, literacies, home-school connections, and funds of knowledge. Introduction Of all student populations (aside from participants in Special Education programs), English Language Learners (ELLs) face the most academic challenges—especially on standardized evaluations emphasizing academic

The Ipcc On The Climate Change - 1008 Words

1. What is this report about? The IPCC Summary for Policymakers 2014 assesses the impacts of climate change worldwide. The IPCC Summary for Policymakers provides policy makers an overview of what needs to be reviewed, further aiding them in creating policies to better manage and reduce the impact of climate change. The report provides prospective related to how changes through adaptation and mitigation can benefit the impact on climate change. Furthermore the report evaluates what needs to change, the options available to make the changes, and it provides prospects as well as restrictions and limits impeding change. 2. What climate change vulnerabilities are identified for your region? The vulnerabilities are shown above for North America. Living in Tampa, FL I conclude from this and from the knowledge I have regarding my state, that the biggest threat would be from rising waters and flooding due to extreme weather. This is prevalent in Florida due to the state being so close to sea level. Watching the news recently the world has been able to see the devastation caused by Hurricane Matthew in the coastal areas of Florida and the other southern states, as well as Haiti. This I imagine is a result of climate change. 3. Did they surprise you? Why or why not? I am not surprised by the results of the graph above, as I know the majority of the human race states they are concerned with climate change however has no regard for the implications of their actions and how even theShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Role of Ipcc in Climate Change3388 Words   |  14 PagesProject The Role of IPCC in Setting Climate Change Policy This essay will critically evaluate the role of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in setting climate change policy. In order to do this, its latest assessment report (IPCC 2007) will be highlighted. The physical science basis of climate change that IPCC relies on in influencing policy on climate change will be reviewed. IPCCs view of climate change will be shown to be the main stream view of climate change. The essay willRead MoreIpcc Status Report on Climate Change Summary Essay831 Words   |  4 PagesIPCC Status Report on Climate Change Summary Abstract The following is a summary of the IPCC Status Report on Climate Change. The following questions will be answered: is climate change occurring? About which aspects of climate change are we certain? Uncertain? What are the main factors determining climate change today? What is the likelihood that humans have caused these changes and what data supports this conclusion? And finally, what information is not yet available or are we unable to accessRead MoreQualifications of Experts on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change829 Words   |  3 Pagesof climate change has been a critical issue of concern to development, scientific and environmental researchers in the world. All over the world, there have been a lot of issues surrounding the causes and impacts of the phenomenon which led to the establishment of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to help assess and provide information about climate change to society (Agrawala, 1998). This essay presents arguments on who is qualified to be an Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeRead MoreHuman Systems And Climate Change Essay785 Words   |  4 Pages IPCC Human Systems and Climate Change Overview Kristen Morgan California State University, Bakersfield Human Systems and Climate Change For the last decade, climate change has been a controversial topic amongst governing nations. Determining and agreeing upon appropriate courses of action, as well as the decided effects on populations and ecosystems have also long been debated. With little knowledge on the effects climate change might have on the human population, as well asRead MoreThe Extent to which Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Can Contribute towards Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change Futures1062 Words   |  5 Pages1. Introduction Climate change the ‘wicked problem’ is continuously imposing significant threat to the nature as whole according to the recent projections (IPCC 2013; Bondeau et al. 2013). This anticipated hazard is unavoidable to some extent though the source of the problem (‘green house gas’ emission) is barred right now (IPCC 2014a). Combination of mitigation (reducing or capturing GHG) and adaptation effort has been suggested both in the short and long term to achieve the complementary advantageRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Country1377 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Climate change is one of the biggest issues in the world currently. Carbon emissions since the start of the industrial revolution have caused the CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere to increase, thus causing temperatures to rise and the climate to change. These changes in climate are going to have differing effects according to the country. In this essay, the impacts of climate change and possible adaptions to it will be explored for the countries Austria and Guatemala. BackgroundRead MoreClimate Change : Global Warming875 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the earth’s history, global climate patterns have fluctuated, with these climate patterns going through glacial retreat and advance (NASA 2014). Currently the earth is experiencing a retreat, this significant trend single handily points to human influence being the dominant cause of the observed temperature rise in global climate patterns since the mid-century (NASA 2014). The warming of global climate systems is undisputable supported by unprecedented observations, based upon direct measurementsRead MoreWhat Is Global Warming?1553 Words   |  7 Pagesis the term used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to be permanently changing the Earth’s climate†. Some of the terms that will be used frequently are explained below; Climate:The weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period of time. Climate change: The change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns that last for an extended or long period of time Anthropogenic: ResultingRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effect On The Quality Of Life On Earth969 Words   |  4 Pagesincrease in temperature is the greenhouse effect, created by high levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons and other harmful pollutants. Global warming was not considered an issue until the late 19th Century. For 2.5 million years the earths climate has fluctuated from ice ages to warmer periods. Individuals in the society did not seem to think this was a long term problem. Due to its fluctuating cycle and prior history, it was seen as normal and common for the earth to be undergoing shifts inRead MoreClimate Change Of The South East Queensland Region1417 Words   |  6 Pagesthat scientists have on climate change. The first source is â€Å"Climate change in the South East Queensland Region† which was published by the Queensland Government. Source 1 will be used to study the consequences of climate change expected of global climate models. The second so urce is â€Å"Climate Change Reconsidered II† published by The Heartland Institution of Chicago. Source 2 will be used to assess and critique computer model predictions on climate change. â€Å"Climate change in the South East Queensland

Assignment Petition Letter Free Essays

March 15th, 2013 Dr. the Honourable Peter Phillips Minister of Finance and Planning The Ministry of Finance and Planning 30 National Heroes Circle Kingston 4 Jamaica Re: Appeal letter for intervention in the financial regulations Dear Sir: This is with reference to the new regulatory regime for financial institutions. The Laguna Group is a small collection of financial establishments that are not regulated by the Bank of Jamaica (BOJ) and have been self-regulated for the past sixty years. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment: Petition Letter or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, with the implementation of the new financial regulations, it is of strong belief that this will greatly impair the operations of the group. It is with this effect that we are calling upon your high esteem to intervene in this urgent matter. The Laguna Group has been vigorous investors in the country’s financial sector and the collective strength of the industry. As a result, the group currently controls fifteen (15%) and eighteen (18%) percent of the country’s total deposits and personal loans respectively. The unwillingness of the BOJ to enter into negotiations threatens the stability of the funds controlled by Laguna. Minister, this is of grave urgency, the members of the group are willing to meet with you and BOJ to arrive at a mutually beneficial agreement to best serve the group’s existing one million working class clientele. The Laguna Group will seek to strengthen relationships with the government and the central bank; as such your collaboration would be vital in creating specific regulations that would serve the best interest of the group, the central bank, the government and the people of Jamaica. Again, with regards to the aforementioned, we are strongly beseeching your immediate intervention in the course of these regulations. The matter has already been discussed and deliberated among the group’s members; however it is your diplomacy that will yield absolution from this regime. We eagerly await your response. Thank you. Respectfully, Frances Hibbert Frances Hibbert Group Corporate Executive Officer Laguna Group of Financial Institutions How to cite Assignment: Petition Letter, Essay examples

Concept of Substitute and Complementary †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Concept of Substitute and Complementary. Answer: Introduction In todays world, there is increasing concern for mitigating air pollution. One major factor contributing to the growing air pollution is the smoke emitted from burning of petrol and diesel in vehicles. To counter air pollution, countries around the world are taking steps to reduce carbon emission. France has announced to ban use of diesel and petrol vehicle by 2040. The Policy is initiated to address public health concern. Pollution entails negative externality and thus leads market failure. The concept of market failure is analyzed using microeconomic framework and concept of efficiency. To fulfill the objective of banning petrol and diesel vehicles government of France incentivizes household for using alternative theses vehicles such as electric car or plug in hybrid vehicles. Apart from its direct impact on petrol and diesel car, market the policy likely to affect non-petrol and diesel car market as well. This is evaluated using the concept substitute and complementary good. Market failure signifies a situation where market alone cannot ensure efficient outcome. This is likely to be happened in the presence of any external factor that leads to a discrepancy between social and private benefits and costs. Externality is the event when agents not directly or indirectly included in any activity but still affected from that activity and this is not included in evaluation of the activity (Nicholson and Snyder 2014). There are two types of externalities that are found to be present. One is positive externality and another is negative externality. In times of positive externality, social benefit exceeds that of private benefits. In the presence of negative externality, social cost exceeds private cost. Both leads to an inefficient market outcome and government policy intervention are needed to correct the inefficiency. The essay points to the ban of petrol and diesel vehicle by 2040. The smoke emitted from burning of fossils fuels in petrol and diesel run vehicles comprises harmful gases. This smokes when mixes with atmosphere then pollute the air. People who breathe the air fell ill. This imposes a social cost that its users or producers do not account. Here social cost is greater than private marginal cost. This situation is described in the following figure. The figure above describes the how the presence of a negative externality leads to an inefficient market outcome. Demand curve represents marginal social benefit while the supply curve represents marginal private cost. In presence of pollution, marginal social cost lies above the marginal private cost curve (Baumol and Blinder 2015). Market outcome is obtained at the intersection of marginal social benefit curve and private marginal cost curve. Corresponding market price and quantity are P* and Q* respectively. However, efficient outcome is that which is obtained from intersection of marginal social cost and marginal social benefit. Efficient quantity is Qe and efficient price is Pe. With negative externality and market failure, the market produces more than the optimum quantity. To address the issue of market failure and to correct the negative externality government intervention is required. The environment ministry in France has taken an extreme step and announces for a ban in the use of petrol and diesel by 2040. Obvious impact of this policy is on the car manufacturer and put pressure on them by banning the use of diesel and petrol vehicles. However, current market research points that they the current projects of these manufacturers will help to stand on this promise (Klier and Linn 2015). In order to make the banning project successful, the plan incorporates of providing subsidy premium to poor household so that they can easily replace their pollutant vehicles with clean alternatives. As a part of this plan, France has also decided to restrict the use of coals for producing electricity. This further includes an investment of 4bn to increase energy efficiency. All these are undertaken to maintain leadership of France in the changing climate policy. The policy will affect daily lives of people in France. Prior to France, Norway and Netherland was announced for banning use of Petrol and diesel run vehicles by 2025. Indian and Germany have announced to go for a similar policy by 2030 onwards (theguardian.com 2017). The policy of banning petrol and diesel vehicles followed immediately with the announcement of Volvo to manufacture only electric cars. Banning of these vehicles is likely to have a severe impact on the sales of current car manufacturer in France. Though it would create a tough condition for car manufacturer but the ministry has belief that the industry is well equipped to stand this challenge and can make successful transition. The manufacturers have well designed strategies to survive their business. The main objective of this policy is to address the public health issue arising from public health. Successful implementation of this policy gives France an important place among the worlds leader of climate action (independent.co.uk 2017). Norway that is considered as comprising highest electric cars penetration has announced a target of 100% sales or plug in hybrid cars and electric cars. Some other countries though initiated similar ban strategy but they have not taken any concrete steps yet. Effect of banning policy on Non petrol or diesel car market The immediate effect on ban on diesel and petrol vehicle is on the market of electronic vehicle. As a substitute of petrol and diesel market France is giving attention on developing Electronic car market. As an alternative to petrol and diesel car people will demand electronic cars. This raises the demand for electronic car and helps the market to explore more. With banning of petrol and diesel car, the demand for electronic car will increase (Bernanke, Antonovics, and Frank 2015). As a result the demand curve for electric car shifts rightward from DD to D1D1. This result in an increase in both the price and quantity produced in the electronic car market. This is supported from the evidences found in the automobile industry of France. Over the last few years a significant progress is found to be made in Electric car markets. Number of electric car users has rapidly increased from 10,000 in 2012 to nearly 100,000 in 2016 (cleantechnica.com 2017). Government of France has provided several incentives in the form of environment bonus or tax exemption followed by an ownership of electronic cars. All these increase the demand for registering under electronic or hybrid car models. When market for electronic car expanded then demand for inputs or its complementary goods increases. Related markets of electronic car are research activities in the area of energy use, battery production, charging point, investment of local government, design of different EV models and grid and road infrastructure (ieahev.org 2017). This market is expanding with expansion of electronic vehicle market. Different automotive manufacturers such as Renault, Bollore, PSA are encouraged to launch their electronic car model. The rise in demand and sales of electronic cars expands the demand for battery, charging points and other related components this car market. The demand curve for these goods will shift rightward as in the previous. The effect is same as explained above. Use of electronic cars as an alternative to petrol and diesel cars raise the question that whether the nation can provide sufficient charging points for newly generated and growing number of electronic cars. In order to meet the aim of government to mitigate carbon emission, more wind farms can be needed. Wind is renewable source of energy and no harmful substances are emitted when power generated from the Wind mill. Another alternative source of power generation is the nuclear energy station. Conclusion The paper has evaluated policy of petrol and diesel vehicles ban as announced by environment ministry in France. The policy aims at addressing negative externality generated from the smoke emitted from petrol and diesel vehicles. With negative externality, market output is greater than efficient output. Hence, government intervention is needed to ensure efficient outcome. Polluted air is causing serious health problem. Government gives priority to public health and aims at banning petrol and diesel vehicles. Petrol and diesel carmakers are likely to suffer from this ban. However, given their status France is confident that they can face this challenge. Many car manufacturers are now increasing electric car manufacturing. Volvo has already committed to manufacture only electric and hybrid cars. Renault, Nissan, PSA are some famous manufacturer who now focusing on launching models of electronic vehicles. Numbers of registered users of electric cars have increased ten times in between 2 012 and 2016. Government is providing incentives to household to help them switching from the old vehicles to a newer one. With rising demand and availability of electric cars, demand for components like battery production, charging point and others have also increased. Concern remains whether there are enough charging points for newly available electric cars. Attention should also be given on establishment of more wind farms and nuclear power plants. References Baumol, William J., and Alan S. Blinder.Microeconomics: Principles and policy. Cengage Learning, 2015. Bernanke, Ben, Kate Antonovics, and Robert Frank.Principles of macroeconomics. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2015. Chrisafis, Angelique, and Adam Vaughan. 2017. "France To Ban Sales Of Petrol And Diesel Cars By 2040".The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/jul/06/france-ban-petrol-diesel-cars-2040-emmanuel-macron-volvo. Farand, Chloe. 2017. "France Is Banning All Petrol And Diesel Vehicles".The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/france-petrol-diesel-ban-vehicles-cars-2040-a7826831.html. "France - Industry - France | IA-HEV". 2017.Ieahev.Org. https://www.ieahev.org/by-country/france-industry/. Klier, Thomas, and Joshua Linn. 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