The Ipcc On The Climate Change - 1008 Words

1. What is this report about? The IPCC Summary for Policymakers 2014 assesses the impacts of climate change worldwide. The IPCC Summary for Policymakers provides policy makers an overview of what needs to be reviewed, further aiding them in creating policies to better manage and reduce the impact of climate change. The report provides prospective related to how changes through adaptation and mitigation can benefit the impact on climate change. Furthermore the report evaluates what needs to change, the options available to make the changes, and it provides prospects as well as restrictions and limits impeding change. 2. What climate change vulnerabilities are identified for your region? The vulnerabilities are shown above for North America. Living in Tampa, FL I conclude from this and from the knowledge I have regarding my state, that the biggest threat would be from rising waters and flooding due to extreme weather. This is prevalent in Florida due to the state being so close to sea level. Watching the news recently the world has been able to see the devastation caused by Hurricane Matthew in the coastal areas of Florida and the other southern states, as well as Haiti. This I imagine is a result of climate change. 3. Did they surprise you? Why or why not? I am not surprised by the results of the graph above, as I know the majority of the human race states they are concerned with climate change however has no regard for the implications of their actions and how even theShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Role of Ipcc in Climate Change3388 Words   |  14 PagesProject The Role of IPCC in Setting Climate Change Policy This essay will critically evaluate the role of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in setting climate change policy. In order to do this, its latest assessment report (IPCC 2007) will be highlighted. The physical science basis of climate change that IPCC relies on in influencing policy on climate change will be reviewed. IPCCs view of climate change will be shown to be the main stream view of climate change. The essay willRead MoreIpcc Status Report on Climate Change Summary Essay831 Words   |  4 PagesIPCC Status Report on Climate Change Summary Abstract The following is a summary of the IPCC Status Report on Climate Change. The following questions will be answered: is climate change occurring? About which aspects of climate change are we certain? Uncertain? What are the main factors determining climate change today? What is the likelihood that humans have caused these changes and what data supports this conclusion? And finally, what information is not yet available or are we unable to accessRead MoreQualifications of Experts on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change829 Words   |  3 Pagesof climate change has been a critical issue of concern to development, scientific and environmental researchers in the world. All over the world, there have been a lot of issues surrounding the causes and impacts of the phenomenon which led to the establishment of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to help assess and provide information about climate change to society (Agrawala, 1998). This essay presents arguments on who is qualified to be an Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeRead MoreHuman Systems And Climate Change Essay785 Words   |  4 Pages IPCC Human Systems and Climate Change Overview Kristen Morgan California State University, Bakersfield Human Systems and Climate Change For the last decade, climate change has been a controversial topic amongst governing nations. Determining and agreeing upon appropriate courses of action, as well as the decided effects on populations and ecosystems have also long been debated. With little knowledge on the effects climate change might have on the human population, as well asRead MoreThe Extent to which Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Can Contribute towards Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change Futures1062 Words   |  5 Pages1. Introduction Climate change the ‘wicked problem’ is continuously imposing significant threat to the nature as whole according to the recent projections (IPCC 2013; Bondeau et al. 2013). This anticipated hazard is unavoidable to some extent though the source of the problem (‘green house gas’ emission) is barred right now (IPCC 2014a). Combination of mitigation (reducing or capturing GHG) and adaptation effort has been suggested both in the short and long term to achieve the complementary advantageRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Country1377 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Climate change is one of the biggest issues in the world currently. Carbon emissions since the start of the industrial revolution have caused the CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere to increase, thus causing temperatures to rise and the climate to change. These changes in climate are going to have differing effects according to the country. In this essay, the impacts of climate change and possible adaptions to it will be explored for the countries Austria and Guatemala. BackgroundRead MoreClimate Change : Global Warming875 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the earth’s history, global climate patterns have fluctuated, with these climate patterns going through glacial retreat and advance (NASA 2014). Currently the earth is experiencing a retreat, this significant trend single handily points to human influence being the dominant cause of the observed temperature rise in global climate patterns since the mid-century (NASA 2014). The warming of global climate systems is undisputable supported by unprecedented observations, based upon direct measurementsRead MoreWhat Is Global Warming?1553 Words   |  7 Pagesis the term used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to be permanently changing the Earth’s climate†. Some of the terms that will be used frequently are explained below; Climate:The weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period of time. Climate change: The change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns that last for an extended or long period of time Anthropogenic: ResultingRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effect On The Quality Of Life On Earth969 Words   |  4 Pagesincrease in temperature is the greenhouse effect, created by high levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons and other harmful pollutants. Global warming was not considered an issue until the late 19th Century. For 2.5 million years the earths climate has fluctuated from ice ages to warmer periods. Individuals in the society did not seem to think this was a long term problem. Due to its fluctuating cycle and prior history, it was seen as normal and common for the earth to be undergoing shifts inRead MoreClimate Change Of The South East Queensland Region1417 Words   |  6 Pagesthat scientists have on climate change. The first source is â€Å"Climate change in the South East Queensland Region† which was published by the Queensland Government. Source 1 will be used to study the consequences of climate change expected of global climate models. The second so urce is â€Å"Climate Change Reconsidered II† published by The Heartland Institution of Chicago. Source 2 will be used to assess and critique computer model predictions on climate change. â€Å"Climate change in the South East Queensland

Assignment Petition Letter Free Essays

March 15th, 2013 Dr. the Honourable Peter Phillips Minister of Finance and Planning The Ministry of Finance and Planning 30 National Heroes Circle Kingston 4 Jamaica Re: Appeal letter for intervention in the financial regulations Dear Sir: This is with reference to the new regulatory regime for financial institutions. The Laguna Group is a small collection of financial establishments that are not regulated by the Bank of Jamaica (BOJ) and have been self-regulated for the past sixty years. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment: Petition Letter or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, with the implementation of the new financial regulations, it is of strong belief that this will greatly impair the operations of the group. It is with this effect that we are calling upon your high esteem to intervene in this urgent matter. The Laguna Group has been vigorous investors in the country’s financial sector and the collective strength of the industry. As a result, the group currently controls fifteen (15%) and eighteen (18%) percent of the country’s total deposits and personal loans respectively. The unwillingness of the BOJ to enter into negotiations threatens the stability of the funds controlled by Laguna. Minister, this is of grave urgency, the members of the group are willing to meet with you and BOJ to arrive at a mutually beneficial agreement to best serve the group’s existing one million working class clientele. The Laguna Group will seek to strengthen relationships with the government and the central bank; as such your collaboration would be vital in creating specific regulations that would serve the best interest of the group, the central bank, the government and the people of Jamaica. Again, with regards to the aforementioned, we are strongly beseeching your immediate intervention in the course of these regulations. The matter has already been discussed and deliberated among the group’s members; however it is your diplomacy that will yield absolution from this regime. We eagerly await your response. Thank you. Respectfully, Frances Hibbert Frances Hibbert Group Corporate Executive Officer Laguna Group of Financial Institutions How to cite Assignment: Petition Letter, Essay examples

Concept of Substitute and Complementary †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Concept of Substitute and Complementary. Answer: Introduction In todays world, there is increasing concern for mitigating air pollution. One major factor contributing to the growing air pollution is the smoke emitted from burning of petrol and diesel in vehicles. To counter air pollution, countries around the world are taking steps to reduce carbon emission. France has announced to ban use of diesel and petrol vehicle by 2040. The Policy is initiated to address public health concern. Pollution entails negative externality and thus leads market failure. The concept of market failure is analyzed using microeconomic framework and concept of efficiency. To fulfill the objective of banning petrol and diesel vehicles government of France incentivizes household for using alternative theses vehicles such as electric car or plug in hybrid vehicles. Apart from its direct impact on petrol and diesel car, market the policy likely to affect non-petrol and diesel car market as well. This is evaluated using the concept substitute and complementary good. Market failure signifies a situation where market alone cannot ensure efficient outcome. This is likely to be happened in the presence of any external factor that leads to a discrepancy between social and private benefits and costs. Externality is the event when agents not directly or indirectly included in any activity but still affected from that activity and this is not included in evaluation of the activity (Nicholson and Snyder 2014). There are two types of externalities that are found to be present. One is positive externality and another is negative externality. In times of positive externality, social benefit exceeds that of private benefits. In the presence of negative externality, social cost exceeds private cost. Both leads to an inefficient market outcome and government policy intervention are needed to correct the inefficiency. The essay points to the ban of petrol and diesel vehicle by 2040. The smoke emitted from burning of fossils fuels in petrol and diesel run vehicles comprises harmful gases. This smokes when mixes with atmosphere then pollute the air. People who breathe the air fell ill. This imposes a social cost that its users or producers do not account. Here social cost is greater than private marginal cost. This situation is described in the following figure. The figure above describes the how the presence of a negative externality leads to an inefficient market outcome. Demand curve represents marginal social benefit while the supply curve represents marginal private cost. In presence of pollution, marginal social cost lies above the marginal private cost curve (Baumol and Blinder 2015). Market outcome is obtained at the intersection of marginal social benefit curve and private marginal cost curve. Corresponding market price and quantity are P* and Q* respectively. However, efficient outcome is that which is obtained from intersection of marginal social cost and marginal social benefit. Efficient quantity is Qe and efficient price is Pe. With negative externality and market failure, the market produces more than the optimum quantity. To address the issue of market failure and to correct the negative externality government intervention is required. The environment ministry in France has taken an extreme step and announces for a ban in the use of petrol and diesel by 2040. Obvious impact of this policy is on the car manufacturer and put pressure on them by banning the use of diesel and petrol vehicles. However, current market research points that they the current projects of these manufacturers will help to stand on this promise (Klier and Linn 2015). In order to make the banning project successful, the plan incorporates of providing subsidy premium to poor household so that they can easily replace their pollutant vehicles with clean alternatives. As a part of this plan, France has also decided to restrict the use of coals for producing electricity. This further includes an investment of 4bn to increase energy efficiency. All these are undertaken to maintain leadership of France in the changing climate policy. The policy will affect daily lives of people in France. Prior to France, Norway and Netherland was announced for banning use of Petrol and diesel run vehicles by 2025. Indian and Germany have announced to go for a similar policy by 2030 onwards (theguardian.com 2017). The policy of banning petrol and diesel vehicles followed immediately with the announcement of Volvo to manufacture only electric cars. Banning of these vehicles is likely to have a severe impact on the sales of current car manufacturer in France. Though it would create a tough condition for car manufacturer but the ministry has belief that the industry is well equipped to stand this challenge and can make successful transition. The manufacturers have well designed strategies to survive their business. The main objective of this policy is to address the public health issue arising from public health. Successful implementation of this policy gives France an important place among the worlds leader of climate action (independent.co.uk 2017). Norway that is considered as comprising highest electric cars penetration has announced a target of 100% sales or plug in hybrid cars and electric cars. Some other countries though initiated similar ban strategy but they have not taken any concrete steps yet. Effect of banning policy on Non petrol or diesel car market The immediate effect on ban on diesel and petrol vehicle is on the market of electronic vehicle. As a substitute of petrol and diesel market France is giving attention on developing Electronic car market. As an alternative to petrol and diesel car people will demand electronic cars. This raises the demand for electronic car and helps the market to explore more. With banning of petrol and diesel car, the demand for electronic car will increase (Bernanke, Antonovics, and Frank 2015). As a result the demand curve for electric car shifts rightward from DD to D1D1. This result in an increase in both the price and quantity produced in the electronic car market. This is supported from the evidences found in the automobile industry of France. Over the last few years a significant progress is found to be made in Electric car markets. Number of electric car users has rapidly increased from 10,000 in 2012 to nearly 100,000 in 2016 (cleantechnica.com 2017). Government of France has provided several incentives in the form of environment bonus or tax exemption followed by an ownership of electronic cars. All these increase the demand for registering under electronic or hybrid car models. When market for electronic car expanded then demand for inputs or its complementary goods increases. Related markets of electronic car are research activities in the area of energy use, battery production, charging point, investment of local government, design of different EV models and grid and road infrastructure (ieahev.org 2017). This market is expanding with expansion of electronic vehicle market. Different automotive manufacturers such as Renault, Bollore, PSA are encouraged to launch their electronic car model. The rise in demand and sales of electronic cars expands the demand for battery, charging points and other related components this car market. The demand curve for these goods will shift rightward as in the previous. The effect is same as explained above. Use of electronic cars as an alternative to petrol and diesel cars raise the question that whether the nation can provide sufficient charging points for newly generated and growing number of electronic cars. In order to meet the aim of government to mitigate carbon emission, more wind farms can be needed. Wind is renewable source of energy and no harmful substances are emitted when power generated from the Wind mill. Another alternative source of power generation is the nuclear energy station. Conclusion The paper has evaluated policy of petrol and diesel vehicles ban as announced by environment ministry in France. The policy aims at addressing negative externality generated from the smoke emitted from petrol and diesel vehicles. With negative externality, market output is greater than efficient output. Hence, government intervention is needed to ensure efficient outcome. Polluted air is causing serious health problem. Government gives priority to public health and aims at banning petrol and diesel vehicles. Petrol and diesel carmakers are likely to suffer from this ban. However, given their status France is confident that they can face this challenge. Many car manufacturers are now increasing electric car manufacturing. Volvo has already committed to manufacture only electric and hybrid cars. Renault, Nissan, PSA are some famous manufacturer who now focusing on launching models of electronic vehicles. Numbers of registered users of electric cars have increased ten times in between 2 012 and 2016. Government is providing incentives to household to help them switching from the old vehicles to a newer one. With rising demand and availability of electric cars, demand for components like battery production, charging point and others have also increased. Concern remains whether there are enough charging points for newly available electric cars. Attention should also be given on establishment of more wind farms and nuclear power plants. References Baumol, William J., and Alan S. Blinder.Microeconomics: Principles and policy. Cengage Learning, 2015. Bernanke, Ben, Kate Antonovics, and Robert Frank.Principles of macroeconomics. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2015. Chrisafis, Angelique, and Adam Vaughan. 2017. "France To Ban Sales Of Petrol And Diesel Cars By 2040".The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/jul/06/france-ban-petrol-diesel-cars-2040-emmanuel-macron-volvo. Farand, Chloe. 2017. "France Is Banning All Petrol And Diesel Vehicles".The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/france-petrol-diesel-ban-vehicles-cars-2040-a7826831.html. "France - Industry - France | IA-HEV". 2017.Ieahev.Org. https://www.ieahev.org/by-country/france-industry/. Klier, Thomas, and Joshua Linn. "Using taxes to reduce carbon dioxide emissions rates of new passenger vehicles: evidence from France, Germany, and Sweden."American Economic Journal: Economic Policy7, no. 1 (2015): 212-242. Nicholson, Walter, and Christopher M. Snyder.Intermediate microeconomics and its application. Cengage Learning, 2014. Pressman, Matt, and Matt Pressman. 2017. "Electric Car Incentives In Norway, UK, France, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium".Cleantechnica. https://cleantechnica.com/2017/09/02/electric-car-incentives-norway-uk-france-germany-netherlands-belgium/.