The Ipcc On The Climate Change - 1008 Words

1. What is this report about? The IPCC Summary for Policymakers 2014 assesses the impacts of climate change worldwide. The IPCC Summary for Policymakers provides policy makers an overview of what needs to be reviewed, further aiding them in creating policies to better manage and reduce the impact of climate change. The report provides prospective related to how changes through adaptation and mitigation can benefit the impact on climate change. Furthermore the report evaluates what needs to change, the options available to make the changes, and it provides prospects as well as restrictions and limits impeding change. 2. What climate change vulnerabilities are identified for your region? The vulnerabilities are shown above for North America. Living in Tampa, FL I conclude from this and from the knowledge I have regarding my state, that the biggest threat would be from rising waters and flooding due to extreme weather. This is prevalent in Florida due to the state being so close to sea level. Watching the news recently the world has been able to see the devastation caused by Hurricane Matthew in the coastal areas of Florida and the other southern states, as well as Haiti. This I imagine is a result of climate change. 3. Did they surprise you? Why or why not? I am not surprised by the results of the graph above, as I know the majority of the human race states they are concerned with climate change however has no regard for the implications of their actions and how even theShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Role of Ipcc in Climate Change3388 Words   |  14 PagesProject The Role of IPCC in Setting Climate Change Policy This essay will critically evaluate the role of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in setting climate change policy. In order to do this, its latest assessment report (IPCC 2007) will be highlighted. The physical science basis of climate change that IPCC relies on in influencing policy on climate change will be reviewed. IPCCs view of climate change will be shown to be the main stream view of climate change. The essay willRead MoreIpcc Status Report on Climate Change Summary Essay831 Words   |  4 PagesIPCC Status Report on Climate Change Summary Abstract The following is a summary of the IPCC Status Report on Climate Change. The following questions will be answered: is climate change occurring? About which aspects of climate change are we certain? Uncertain? What are the main factors determining climate change today? What is the likelihood that humans have caused these changes and what data supports this conclusion? 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Source 1 will be used to study the consequences of climate change expected of global climate models. The second so urce is â€Å"Climate Change Reconsidered II† published by The Heartland Institution of Chicago. Source 2 will be used to assess and critique computer model predictions on climate change. â€Å"Climate change in the South East Queensland

Assignment Petition Letter Free Essays

March 15th, 2013 Dr. the Honourable Peter Phillips Minister of Finance and Planning The Ministry of Finance and Planning 30 National Heroes Circle Kingston 4 Jamaica Re: Appeal letter for intervention in the financial regulations Dear Sir: This is with reference to the new regulatory regime for financial institutions. The Laguna Group is a small collection of financial establishments that are not regulated by the Bank of Jamaica (BOJ) and have been self-regulated for the past sixty years. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment: Petition Letter or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, with the implementation of the new financial regulations, it is of strong belief that this will greatly impair the operations of the group. It is with this effect that we are calling upon your high esteem to intervene in this urgent matter. The Laguna Group has been vigorous investors in the country’s financial sector and the collective strength of the industry. As a result, the group currently controls fifteen (15%) and eighteen (18%) percent of the country’s total deposits and personal loans respectively. The unwillingness of the BOJ to enter into negotiations threatens the stability of the funds controlled by Laguna. Minister, this is of grave urgency, the members of the group are willing to meet with you and BOJ to arrive at a mutually beneficial agreement to best serve the group’s existing one million working class clientele. The Laguna Group will seek to strengthen relationships with the government and the central bank; as such your collaboration would be vital in creating specific regulations that would serve the best interest of the group, the central bank, the government and the people of Jamaica. Again, with regards to the aforementioned, we are strongly beseeching your immediate intervention in the course of these regulations. The matter has already been discussed and deliberated among the group’s members; however it is your diplomacy that will yield absolution from this regime. We eagerly await your response. Thank you. Respectfully, Frances Hibbert Frances Hibbert Group Corporate Executive Officer Laguna Group of Financial Institutions How to cite Assignment: Petition Letter, Essay examples

Concept of Substitute and Complementary †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Concept of Substitute and Complementary. Answer: Introduction In todays world, there is increasing concern for mitigating air pollution. One major factor contributing to the growing air pollution is the smoke emitted from burning of petrol and diesel in vehicles. To counter air pollution, countries around the world are taking steps to reduce carbon emission. France has announced to ban use of diesel and petrol vehicle by 2040. The Policy is initiated to address public health concern. Pollution entails negative externality and thus leads market failure. The concept of market failure is analyzed using microeconomic framework and concept of efficiency. To fulfill the objective of banning petrol and diesel vehicles government of France incentivizes household for using alternative theses vehicles such as electric car or plug in hybrid vehicles. Apart from its direct impact on petrol and diesel car, market the policy likely to affect non-petrol and diesel car market as well. This is evaluated using the concept substitute and complementary good. Market failure signifies a situation where market alone cannot ensure efficient outcome. This is likely to be happened in the presence of any external factor that leads to a discrepancy between social and private benefits and costs. Externality is the event when agents not directly or indirectly included in any activity but still affected from that activity and this is not included in evaluation of the activity (Nicholson and Snyder 2014). There are two types of externalities that are found to be present. One is positive externality and another is negative externality. In times of positive externality, social benefit exceeds that of private benefits. In the presence of negative externality, social cost exceeds private cost. Both leads to an inefficient market outcome and government policy intervention are needed to correct the inefficiency. The essay points to the ban of petrol and diesel vehicle by 2040. The smoke emitted from burning of fossils fuels in petrol and diesel run vehicles comprises harmful gases. This smokes when mixes with atmosphere then pollute the air. People who breathe the air fell ill. This imposes a social cost that its users or producers do not account. Here social cost is greater than private marginal cost. This situation is described in the following figure. The figure above describes the how the presence of a negative externality leads to an inefficient market outcome. Demand curve represents marginal social benefit while the supply curve represents marginal private cost. In presence of pollution, marginal social cost lies above the marginal private cost curve (Baumol and Blinder 2015). Market outcome is obtained at the intersection of marginal social benefit curve and private marginal cost curve. Corresponding market price and quantity are P* and Q* respectively. However, efficient outcome is that which is obtained from intersection of marginal social cost and marginal social benefit. Efficient quantity is Qe and efficient price is Pe. With negative externality and market failure, the market produces more than the optimum quantity. To address the issue of market failure and to correct the negative externality government intervention is required. The environment ministry in France has taken an extreme step and announces for a ban in the use of petrol and diesel by 2040. Obvious impact of this policy is on the car manufacturer and put pressure on them by banning the use of diesel and petrol vehicles. However, current market research points that they the current projects of these manufacturers will help to stand on this promise (Klier and Linn 2015). In order to make the banning project successful, the plan incorporates of providing subsidy premium to poor household so that they can easily replace their pollutant vehicles with clean alternatives. As a part of this plan, France has also decided to restrict the use of coals for producing electricity. This further includes an investment of 4bn to increase energy efficiency. All these are undertaken to maintain leadership of France in the changing climate policy. The policy will affect daily lives of people in France. Prior to France, Norway and Netherland was announced for banning use of Petrol and diesel run vehicles by 2025. Indian and Germany have announced to go for a similar policy by 2030 onwards (theguardian.com 2017). The policy of banning petrol and diesel vehicles followed immediately with the announcement of Volvo to manufacture only electric cars. Banning of these vehicles is likely to have a severe impact on the sales of current car manufacturer in France. Though it would create a tough condition for car manufacturer but the ministry has belief that the industry is well equipped to stand this challenge and can make successful transition. The manufacturers have well designed strategies to survive their business. The main objective of this policy is to address the public health issue arising from public health. Successful implementation of this policy gives France an important place among the worlds leader of climate action (independent.co.uk 2017). Norway that is considered as comprising highest electric cars penetration has announced a target of 100% sales or plug in hybrid cars and electric cars. Some other countries though initiated similar ban strategy but they have not taken any concrete steps yet. Effect of banning policy on Non petrol or diesel car market The immediate effect on ban on diesel and petrol vehicle is on the market of electronic vehicle. As a substitute of petrol and diesel market France is giving attention on developing Electronic car market. As an alternative to petrol and diesel car people will demand electronic cars. This raises the demand for electronic car and helps the market to explore more. With banning of petrol and diesel car, the demand for electronic car will increase (Bernanke, Antonovics, and Frank 2015). As a result the demand curve for electric car shifts rightward from DD to D1D1. This result in an increase in both the price and quantity produced in the electronic car market. This is supported from the evidences found in the automobile industry of France. Over the last few years a significant progress is found to be made in Electric car markets. Number of electric car users has rapidly increased from 10,000 in 2012 to nearly 100,000 in 2016 (cleantechnica.com 2017). Government of France has provided several incentives in the form of environment bonus or tax exemption followed by an ownership of electronic cars. All these increase the demand for registering under electronic or hybrid car models. When market for electronic car expanded then demand for inputs or its complementary goods increases. Related markets of electronic car are research activities in the area of energy use, battery production, charging point, investment of local government, design of different EV models and grid and road infrastructure (ieahev.org 2017). This market is expanding with expansion of electronic vehicle market. Different automotive manufacturers such as Renault, Bollore, PSA are encouraged to launch their electronic car model. The rise in demand and sales of electronic cars expands the demand for battery, charging points and other related components this car market. The demand curve for these goods will shift rightward as in the previous. The effect is same as explained above. Use of electronic cars as an alternative to petrol and diesel cars raise the question that whether the nation can provide sufficient charging points for newly generated and growing number of electronic cars. In order to meet the aim of government to mitigate carbon emission, more wind farms can be needed. Wind is renewable source of energy and no harmful substances are emitted when power generated from the Wind mill. Another alternative source of power generation is the nuclear energy station. Conclusion The paper has evaluated policy of petrol and diesel vehicles ban as announced by environment ministry in France. The policy aims at addressing negative externality generated from the smoke emitted from petrol and diesel vehicles. With negative externality, market output is greater than efficient output. Hence, government intervention is needed to ensure efficient outcome. Polluted air is causing serious health problem. Government gives priority to public health and aims at banning petrol and diesel vehicles. Petrol and diesel carmakers are likely to suffer from this ban. However, given their status France is confident that they can face this challenge. Many car manufacturers are now increasing electric car manufacturing. Volvo has already committed to manufacture only electric and hybrid cars. Renault, Nissan, PSA are some famous manufacturer who now focusing on launching models of electronic vehicles. Numbers of registered users of electric cars have increased ten times in between 2 012 and 2016. Government is providing incentives to household to help them switching from the old vehicles to a newer one. With rising demand and availability of electric cars, demand for components like battery production, charging point and others have also increased. Concern remains whether there are enough charging points for newly available electric cars. Attention should also be given on establishment of more wind farms and nuclear power plants. References Baumol, William J., and Alan S. Blinder.Microeconomics: Principles and policy. Cengage Learning, 2015. Bernanke, Ben, Kate Antonovics, and Robert Frank.Principles of macroeconomics. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2015. Chrisafis, Angelique, and Adam Vaughan. 2017. "France To Ban Sales Of Petrol And Diesel Cars By 2040".The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/jul/06/france-ban-petrol-diesel-cars-2040-emmanuel-macron-volvo. Farand, Chloe. 2017. "France Is Banning All Petrol And Diesel Vehicles".The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/france-petrol-diesel-ban-vehicles-cars-2040-a7826831.html. "France - Industry - France | IA-HEV". 2017.Ieahev.Org. https://www.ieahev.org/by-country/france-industry/. Klier, Thomas, and Joshua Linn. "Using taxes to reduce carbon dioxide emissions rates of new passenger vehicles: evidence from France, Germany, and Sweden."American Economic Journal: Economic Policy7, no. 1 (2015): 212-242. Nicholson, Walter, and Christopher M. Snyder.Intermediate microeconomics and its application. Cengage Learning, 2014. Pressman, Matt, and Matt Pressman. 2017. "Electric Car Incentives In Norway, UK, France, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium".Cleantechnica. https://cleantechnica.com/2017/09/02/electric-car-incentives-norway-uk-france-germany-netherlands-belgium/.

Marijuana Legalization Essays (393 words) - , Term Papers

Marijuana Legalization Most Americans do not want to spend scarce public funds incarcerating nonviolent marijuana offenders, at a cost of $23,000 per year. Politicians must reconsider our country's priorities and attach more importance to combating violent crime than targeting marijuana smokers. Marijuana prohibition costs taxpayers at least $7.5 billion annually. This is an enormous waste of scarce federal dollars that should be used to target violent crime. Marijuana prohibition makes no exception for the medical use of marijuana. The tens of thousands of seriously ill Americans who presently use marijuana as a therapeutic agent to alleviate symptoms of cancer, AIDS, glaucoma, or multiple sclerosis risk arrest and jail to obtain and use their medication. Between 1978 and 1996, 34 states passed laws recognizing marijuana's therapeutic value. Most recently, voters in two states -- Arizona and California -- passed laws allowing for the medical use of marijuana under a physician's supervision. Yet, states are severely limited in their ability to implement their medical use laws because of the federal prohibition of marijuana. America tried alcohol prohibition between 1919 and 1931, but discovered that the crime and violence associated with prohibition was more damaging than the evil sought to be prohibited. With tobacco, America has learned over the last decade that education is the most effective way to discourage use. Yet, America fails to apply these lessons to marijuana policy. By stubbornly defining all marijuana smoking as criminal, including that which involves adults smoking in the privacy of their own homes, we are wasting police and prosecutorial resources, clogging courts, filling costly and scarce jail and prison space, and needlessly wrecking the lives and careers of genuinely good citizens. Marijuana legalization offers an important advantage over decriminalization in that it allows for legal distribution and taxation of cannabis. In the absence of taxation, the free market price of legal marijuana would be extremely low, on the order of five to ten cents per joint. In terms of intoxicating potential, a joint is equivalent to at least $1 or $2 worth of alcohol, the price at which cannabis is currently sold in the Netherlands. The easiest way to hold the price at this level under legalization would be by an excise tax on commercial sales. An examination of the external costs imposed by cannabis users on the rest of society suggests that a"harmfulness tax" of $.50 - $1 per joint is appropriate. It can be estimated that excise taxes in this range would raise between $2.2 and $6.4 billion per year. Altogether, legalization would save the taxpayers around $8 - $16 billion, not counting the economic benefits of hemp agriculture and other spinoff industries.

Cynddylan and Lore Essay Example

Cynddylan and Lore Essay Example Cynddylan and Lore Paper Cynddylan and Lore Paper Essay Topic: Poetry In Cynddylan, Thomas contrasts a farmers personality to farming after he has started using a tractor on everyday work on his land with before when all his farming was done by hand and tool. Cynddylans attitude towards nature has now been changed by this machine that helps him but masks the beauty of his surroundings. Lore, on the other hand, is about a dedicated and traditional well experienced eighty-five year old farmer who sticks to the natural way of farming by paying to attention to all driven machines and prefers to stick with conventional methods to tend his soil throughout life. In my essay I will compare this modernised farmer in Cynddylan from this traditional and more respected farmer in Lore. I will show similarities and differences in accordance to the way both farmers look at the possible approaches to farming. As R. S Thomas is the creator behind the two poems and characters, that have different opinions, I will try to understand What Thomas was trying to make stand out by comparing the two poems with each other. Cynddylan starts off on a very informal, conversational tone, ah you should see Cynddylan on a tractor. Gone the old look that yoked him to the soil This line gives us the impression the farmer has lost part of his traditional methods of farming because of this machine, and that he has become somewhat divorced from nature. His nerves of metal and his blood oil This line demonstrates to us how he become a whole new person because of the new devise, Cynddylan has now been turned into something hes not. The clutch curses but the gears obey Thomas here has created a harsh C sound by using the two words together to add emphasis on Cynddylans new selfish attitude. Out of the farmyard, scattering hens. Riding to work as a great man should. Here Thomas creates a sarcastic tone to the reader saying how scattering hens and scaring them away is part of how a great farmer should operate. He is a knight at arms breaking the fields mirror of silence, emptying the wood of foxes and squirrels and bright jays. Thomas now has shown how the tractor breaks the silence and disrupts the tranquillity of the nature, viciously destroying the farmlands wildlife and his relationship with it. The sun comes over the tall trees kindling all the hedges, but not for him who runs his engine on a different fuel Cynddylan now has become completely separated from his companion called nature, he has chosen the machine over his environment, and he himself once ran on the same fuel as these trees, by working in the sun and growing with his land in peace and serenity. And all the bills are singing, bills wide in vain; As Cynddylan passes proudly up the lane. The birds are now in devastation and disgust at watching this transformed man ride up and down the field in his tractor and are now competing to hear themselves over this new aggressive roar of the engine that fills the air they once owned. Cynddylan has no structured rhyme scheme; the voice of the poem is Thomas as a narrator to some extent and the general tone of the poem is quite negative from start to finish it consists of a farmer who was once a wise man but is now caught up with modernisation and has turned completely unconventional by the end of the poem. In Lore, the very title of the poem suggests optimism as Lore means wisdom to past down through generation. Job Davies, eighty five, winters old and still alive after the slow poison and treachery of the seasons this gives Job the first impression as a tough man who has fought his life through rough and harsh conditions to maintain his years as a farmer without paying any attention to the need for machine in farming. This builds a certain amount of respect to him from the reader. Miserable? Kick my arse! There is certainly a certain amount of defiance in Job at regarding himself as unfit or overage for the job in this line, with his experience, hes willing to overcome anything. It needs more than a rain hearse, wind-drawn, to pull me off the great perch of my laugh here Thomas inherits a certain amount of light hearted cockiness in the character of Job. He will simply laugh at how natures weather conditions fights with him on a daily basis but yet nothing has got the better of him. Whats living but courage? Thomas now is the one speaking once again in this stanza and makes Job Courageous for his dedication to his work. Paunch full of hot tea, peat-black, dawn found me Job doesnt need any luxuries in life; hell simply take the basics at the dawn of morning and return to the field where he continues the same work as everyday without complaint. Thomas has changed the voice back to Job himself in this stanza. Mowing where the grass grew, Bearded with golden dew. Thomas now exemplifies the beauty to nature which makes us realise the reason behind Davies choice towards farming. Rhythm of the long scythe kept this tall frame lithe Thomas describes how Job conducts the very commonly used scythe in farming effortlessly to the extent that it is supple and free moving. What to do? Stay green. Never mind the machine. Job expresses his thought behind farming in an overall message. This challenges the opposition poem Cynddylan on how to portray farming. . whose fuel is human souls. Job uses his wisdom in a very dramatising way by saying how the machinery revolution to farming has completely destroyed mans relationship with nature. Live large, man, and dream small Thomas here has used Paradox whereby he contradicts himself after Job has expressed his philosophy. Lore has a typical rhyme scheme of AABC for stanzas 1, 2, 4 and 5, on stanza 3 the rhyme scheme is AABB. The voice of the poem swaps every stanza between Thomas and Job, the poems character. The tone of the poem is a much happier and laughable poem compared to Cynddylan. It is more positive and has a better respected character in it compared to Cynddylan. Thomas created the two characters himself, exploring the approaches to farming, he has made it quite obvious that Job Davies has come out the better man for the route he choose to go by farming.

Oseberg - Viking Ship Burial in Norway

Oseberg - Viking Ship Burial in Norway Oseberg is the name of a Viking ship burial, located near present-day Tà ¸nsberg, Norway, about 60 miles (95 kilometers) south of Oslo, on the banks of the Oslo Fjord in Vestfold county. Oseberg is one of several ship burials in the region, but it is the richest and best preserved of such elite graves. Key Takeaways: Oseberg Ship Burial Oseberg is a Viking boat grave, the interment of two elite women inside a working ship. Created in 834 CE in eastern Norway south of Oslo, the ship and its contents were  remarkably well-preserved.  The ship was likely a royal barge built in 820 CE in western Norway.Completely excavated in 1904, archaeological research has been focused on the analysis and conservation of the recovered artifacts.   Viking Ship Description The Oseberg ship was a karvi, a clinker-constructed ship built almost entirely of oak, and measuring 70.5 feet (21.4 meters) long, 17 ft (5.1 m) wide, and 4.9 ft (1.58 m) deep, from the railing to keel. The hull was constructed of 12 board planks stacked horizontally on either side; the port and starboard upper board planks have 15 oar holes, meaning the ship would have been propelled by a total of 30 oars- the oars were included in the burial. Oseberg was an elaborately decorated ship, with several ornate carvings covering its hull, and it was decidedly not built for strength as a warship might have been. Analysis of the wooden parts of the ship suggested to archaeologists that the ship was originally a royal barge, built in Western Norway about 820 CE and used for short voyages along the coastlines. It wasnt terribly seaworthy, but it was overhauled immediately before the burial. The oars and yardarm were new and not the right size for the ship, and the anchor was too small. Tools found aboard the ship included two small axes, kitchen equipment including a quern for grinding grain located near a butchered ox. The handles on both were well-preserved, with a characteristic herringbone pattern known as spretteteljing in evidence. A small wooden chest was also identified: although it was empty, it is assumed to have been a tool chest. Animals represented in the faunal assemblage included two oxen, four dogs, and 13 horses; there were also sledges, wagons, and a vertical loom. Burial Chamber Gabriel Gustafson excavation: News photo of the Oseberg Viking Ship Burial, 1904. Hulton Archive / Getty Images In the middle of the barge was a timber-built box with a tent-like cover of roughly hewn oak planks and posts. The chamber had been plundered in the 10th century CE- apparently part of ritual disturbances of many mounds during the reign of Harald Bluetooth (911–986 CE), who had ordered the destruction of mounds as part of his Christianization of the Scandinavian people. Despite Harolds efforts, the chamber still included the fragmented skeletal remains of two women, one aged in her 80s and the other in her early fifties. When it was excavated in 1904, the interior of the chamber still contained the remains of several textiles. Some of the textiles may have been bedding, or wall hangings, or both. There were the remains of the womens clothing discovered as well: over 150 fragments of silk were found woven into the garments of the women. Twelve of the fragments were silk embroidery, the earliest found to date in Scandinavia. Some of the silk had been treated with madder and kermes dyes. Some historians (such as Anne-Stine Ingstad, associated with the discovery of Leif Ericssons Lanse aux Meadows camp in Canada) have suggested the elderly woman was Queen Asa, mentioned in the Viking poem Ynglingatal; the younger woman is sometimes referred to as a hofgyà °ja or priestess. The name of Oseberg- the burial is named after the nearby town- might be interpreted as Asas berg; and the word berg is related to the Old High German/Old Anglo-Saxon terms for hill or grave mound. No archaeological evidence has been found to support this hypothesis. Dating the Oseberg Ship Detail of the Oseberg Cart from the Oseberg ship burial, 9th century. Print Collector / Hulton Archive / Getty Images Dendrochronological analysis of the grave chamber timbers gave a precise date of the construction as 834 CE. Radiocarbon dating of the skeletons returned a date of 1220–1230 BP, consistent with the tree ring dates. DNA could only be retrieved from the younger woman, and it suggests she may have originated from the Black Sea region. Stable isotope analysis suggests the two had a primarily terrestrial diet, with relatively small amounts of fish compared to typical Viking fare. Excavation Prior to excavation, the large mound built over the top by the Vikings had been known as Revehaugen or Fox Hill: after the nearby Gokstad ship was discovered in 1880, Fox Hill was presumed to also hold a ship, and clandestine attempts to uncover parts of the mound began. Much of the soil was removed and used for fill before 1902 when the first official survey of what was left of the mound was conducted. Oseberg was excavated by Swedish archaeologist Gabriel Gustafson (1853–1915) in 1904 and eventually written up by A.W. Brogger and Haakon Shetelig. The remarkable preservation of the contents was the result of the weight of the huge mound built above it, which pressed the ship and its contents down below the water table. The ship has been restored and it and its contents have been on display at the Viking Ship House at the University of Oslo since 1926. But over the last 20 years, scholars have noted that the wooden artifacts have become increasingly brittle. Conservation When Oseberg was discovered over a hundred years ago, scholars used typical preservation techniques of the day: all the wooden artifacts were treated to various mixtures of linseed oil, creosote, and/or potassium aluminum sulfate (alum), then coated in lacquer. At the time, the alum acted as a stabilizer, crystallizing the woods structure: but infrared analysis has shown that the alum has caused the complete breakdown of the cellulose, and the modification of lignin. Some of the objects are only held together by the thin layer of lacquer. The Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres have been addressing the issue, and conservationists at the National Museum of Denmark have been working on developing a comprehensive approach to the preservation of waterlogged wooden objects. Although the answers are as yet unclear, some potential exists for the creation of an artificial wood to replace that lost. Selected Sources Bill, Jan. Ambiguous Mobility in the Viking Age Ship Burial from Oseberg. Materialities of Passing: Explorations in Transformation, Transition and Transience. Eds. Bjerregaard, Peter, Anders Emil Rasmussen and Tim Flohr Sà ¸rensen. Vol. 3. Studies in Death, Materiality and the Origin of Time. New York: Routledge, 2016. 207–253. Print. of Power Politics? Antiquity 86.333 (2012): 808–24. Print.Draganits, E., et al. The Late Nordic Iron Age and Viking Age Royal Burial Site of Borre in Norway: ALS- and GPR-Based Landscape Reconstruction and Harbour Location at an Uplifting Coastal Area. Quaternary International 367 (2015): 96–110. Print.McQueen, Caitlin M. A., et al. New Insights into the Degradation Processes and Influence of the Conservation Treatment in Alum-Treated Wood from the Oseberg Collection. Microchemical Journal 132 (2017): 119–29. Print. Nordeide, Sà ¦bjà ¸rg Walaker. Death in Abundance Quickly! The Duration of the Oseberg Burial. Acta Archaeologica 82.1 (2011): 7–11. Print.Vederler, Marianne. Silk for the Vikings. Ancient Textiles Series 15. Oxford: Oxford Books, 2014.

Feminism as Archetype fpr Overcoming Prejudice Essay

Feminism as Archetype fpr Overcoming Prejudice - Essay Example With that said, a close look will be taken in Glaspell’s â€Å"Trifles† to illuminate the portrayal of women within a patriarchal society and define how those women work together to overcome their oppression, even though their choices may not have been the best in regards to actual justice. To begin with, â€Å"Trifles† is about two women, Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale and the discoveries they make about a Minnie, a woman wanted for the murder of John Wright, her husband. They find conclusive evidence of her guilt, but are sympathetic to Minnie, whom they both see as the victim in the situation. But what, then, is the purpose of justice if women like Minnie can kill whomever they please without consequence? The truth is that Minnie may or may not have been a victim of her situation. She may have had reason to kill John, but there is no real evidence to suggest that she couldn’t have reasoned with him and gotten out of the relationship. Perhaps John was an extr emely violent man who would never have let her leave and who would have continued to abuse her for the rest of her life until she was finally killed herself. Or maybe, Minnie was seeing things in the relationship that weren’t as bad as she believed and she could have found a different route for resolution. The plot is frustrating in that the men are portrayed as cold hearted investigators who care nothing about Minnie’s potential reasons for the murder, or that she might have done so out of self defense or to save herself from a situation she felt she couldn’t control or escape from. This is maddening for a reader because both sides have clear reasons for viewing the situation as they do, and both sides are ultimately correct in their assumptions. Where the women take the sympathetic route, the men take the analytical route, and both come to the same conclusions about Minnie; it is the execution of her justice, however, where the two sides differ. Because Mrs. P eters and Mrs. Hale believe Minnie to be guilty but are more sure of her guilt due to being a victim of her situation, they find themselves trapped in the moral dilemma of whether or not to help her or to hand her over to the proper authorities. One thing that â€Å"Trifles† achieves is to grant the reader enough information to be taken on the morality trip with Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale as well. Evidence for both sides is presented, and though there is a clear bias as to whether or not the men should be trusted because of their callous and over-bearing nature, a reader has to question their own resolve as to what they would do if placed on either side. To take the feminist route and let Minnie go free, or to punish Minnie for murder, despite whatever led her to commit the act. More, to choose to side with the men leaves the clear impression that such a choice is wrong because of the archetypal manner in which the women are defined. The men are almost cruel in their analytica l natures and are described as showing almost zero empathy in their placement of justice. On the opposite side, the women are defined as creatures of pure empathy, sympathetic to the wounded creature of Minnie, willing to help her because she is a human being in pain in need of assistance. It is a jarring sensation, to feel confident in both sides, yet knowing that neither is exactly right. True justice should take both